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The primary mission of the Department of Movement Studies and Wellness Education (MSWE) is to provide quality academic professional preparation for undergraduate students in areas related to the study of human movement, especially as it supports the pursuit of lifelong physical activity and well being (i.e., health & fitness education, recreation, exercise science, pre-physical therapy, pre-athletic training and health & fitness management). We strive to prepare future leaders who will positively impact the health behaviors of individuals and of society through the education and promotion of life-sustaining and life-enhancing pursuits. The successful completion of our majors demands a strong integration of the liberal arts and sciences with thorough professional preparation in light of respective state and national standards, accrediting bodies and certification programs. Internship experiences are an integral element of all majors in the department and allow for students to further develop and apply their education and training in real world, professional settings. In addition, we provide a diverse array of physical activity instruction for students as part of the General Education Program Element (GenEd) Requirements of the university. The goals of these classes are to: (a) develop in each student a fundamental respect for the role of physical activity in living, including the assessment of physical condition and the development of personally designed, safe, effective and functional fitness programs with attention to lifetime activities, and (b) to expose students to a diversity of physical activities and experiences in a manner which enhances understanding of their educational, social, spiritual, ethical and moral relevance. Our programs provide opportunities for all participants to develop and apply a knowledge base regarding physical activity and psychomotor and behavioral skills, which encourages the development of lifelong health and wellness.
The department offers two degree programs: the Bachelor of Arts Degree in Physical Education (B.A.P.E. w/ teacher certification option), and the Bachelor of Science Degree in Physical Education (B.S.P.E.) which offers four different pre-professional concentrations: Health & Fitness Management, Exercise Science, Pre-Physical Therapy and Pre-Athletic Training. Students completing these degrees often go on for further graduate study in physical therapy, sport psychology, athletic training, exercise science, recreation, public health etc., or enter into professions such as teaching, personal training, promotions and management, youth programming, coaching and other areas and do so in diverse settings such as schools, private health clubs, non-profit agencies, corporations, professional sport teams, youth clubs, hospitals, parks and recreation departments and health departments, among others. In addition, five distinct minors can be used to compliment majors within the department, or can be pursued by majors outside the department in areas of personal or professional interest. These minors are Coaching, Fitness & Wellness Education, Personal Training, Sport & Recreation Management and Sport Psychology.
GENERAL EDUCATION PROGRAM ELEMENT
- At least 32 credits of all majors must be taken in residency at PLU, and at least 16 of those must be taken from within the Movement Studies and Wellness Education Department.
- At least 8 semester hours for all minors must be taken in residency at PLU and within the Movement Studies and Wellness Education Department.
- At least 8 credits applied toward a MSWE minor must be earned independently from MSWE major requirements.
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION (B.S.P.E.)
Four Concentrations under the B.S.P.E. Degree
- Exercise Science
66 semester hours
- BIOL 205, 206, 225 (12)
- CHEM 105 (4)
- HEED 366 (4)
- MATH 128 or 140 (4)
- PHED 277, 324, 326, 383, 384, 478, 480, 486 (30)
- PHED 495 (4)
- PHED 499 (4)
- STAT 231 (4)
- Health and Fitness Promotion
68 semester hours- BIOL 205, 206 (8)
- CHEM 105 (4)
- HEED 266, 366 (8)
- PHED 277, 293, 314, 324, 326, 330, 383, 384, 386, 480, 486 (40)
- PHED 495 (4)
- PHED 499 (4)
- Pre-Physical Therapy
74 to 75 semester hours- BIOL 225, 226, 205, 206, and an approved upper- division biology elective. (20)
- Two from: CHEM 105, 115/116, 331/333 (8 to 9 )
- HEED 281 (2)
- MATH 128 or 140 (4)
- PHED 277, 480, 486 (10)
- PHED 495 (4)
- PHED 499 (4)
- PHYS 125/126, 135/136 (10)
- PSYC 101, 320 or 415 (8)
- STAT 231 or 232 (4)
- Pre-Athletic Training
52 semester hours- BIOL 205, 206, 225 (12)
- CHEM 105 (4)
- HEED 266, 281 (6)
- PHED 277, 326, 480, 486 (14)
- PHED 495 (4)
- PHED 499 (4)
- PSYC 101 (4)
- STAT 231 (4)
In addition to the requirements listed above, candidates for the B.S.P.E. degree must meet the College of Arts and Sciences foreign language requirement.
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION (B.A.P.E.) WITH CERTIFICATION
62 semester hours required to meet the state endorsement in Health and Fitness:
- BIOL 205, 206 (8)
- HEED 266, 395, 366 (12)
- PHED 275 or 298 (2)
- PHED 277, 279, 293, 294, 296, 297, (12)
- PHED 322 (4)
- PHED 326, 386, 478, 480, 486, 490 (24)
- All students must have current First Aid and CPR certification prior to internship.
Additional Requirements for K-12 Teacher Certification
29 semester hours
Initial K-12 teacher certification in Health and Fitness must meet the requirements established by the School of Education and Movement Studies for Teacher Certification in addition to the above requirements for the B.A.P.E. with certification.
- EDUC 390, 392 (8)
- EDUC/PHED 468, 450 (12)
- PSYC 101 (4)
- SPED 320 (1)
- WRIT 101 (4)
- Plus a valid First Aid card
Students receiving a B.A.P.E. with certification are not required to fulfill the College of Arts and Sciences foreign language requirements. All courses in the major and minor fields are used for teacher certification must have grades of C or higher.
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION (B.A.P.E.) WITHOUT CERTIFICATION
66 semester hours
- BIOL 205, 206 (8)
- HEED 266, 395, 366 (12)
- PHED 275 or 298 (2)
- PHED 277, 279, 293, 294, 296, 297 (12)
- PHED 322 (4)
- PHED 326, 386, 478, 480, 486, 495 (24)
In addition to the requirements listed above, candidates for the B.A.P.E. degree without teacher certification must meet the College of Arts and Sciences foreign language requirements and a Senior Seminar (PHED 499 is 4 semester hours).
- Coaching
18 semester hours- HEED 266 (4)
- HEED 281 (2)
- PHED 334 (2)
- PHED 361 (2)
- PHED 390 (4)
- PHED 411 (4)
- First Aid and CPR certificate required
- Fitness and Wellness Education
22 semester hours- HEED 266, 366 (8)
- PHED 279, 293, 360 (6)
- PHED 384 (4)
- Select four semester hours from the following:
- PHED 383 (4)
- PHED 386 (4)
- PHED 486 (4)
- Personal Training
22 semester hours- BUSA 305 (4)
- HEED 266 (4)
- PHED 293, 334, 360 (6)
- PHED 383, 390 (8)
- First Aid and CPR certificate required
- Exercise and Sport Psychology
20 semester hours- Required (12 semester hours)
- HEED 366, PHED 386, 390
- Select 4 semester hours from the following
- PSYC 310, 320 or 330
- Select 4 semester hours from the following
- BIOL 444; PHED 314, 315, 324, 411
- Required (12 semester hours)
- Sport and Recreation Management
22 to 24 semester hours- PHED 314 (4)
- PHED 330 (4)
- PHED 384 (4)
- PHED 495 (4)
- Select 4 semester hours from the following:
- BUSA 305 (4)
- BUSA 308 (4)
- BUSA 340 (4)
- BUSA 358 (4)
- Select 2 or 4 semester hours from the following:
- PHED 322 (2 or 4)
- PHED 326 (4)
- PHED 334 (2)
- PHED 386 (4)
- OR other approved alternative elective
Health Education (HEED) Undergraduate-Level Courses
HEED 266 : Nutrition, Health and Performance
An examination of the role of dietary choices in the maintenance of health, the prevention of disease and the optimizing of physical performance. Topics covered include: consumer nutrition skills, basic nutrients and nutritional science, energy balance, sport and performance nutrition including the use of supplements and ergogenic aids, lifespan nutrition, global nutrition and food safety. (4)
HEED 281 : Injury Prevention and Therapeutic Care
Prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of all common injuries sustained in athletics; physical therapy by employment of electricity, massage, exercise, light, ice, and mechanical devices. (2)
HEED 288 : Special Topics in Health Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
HEED 289 : Special Topics in Health Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
HEED 292 : First Aid
Meets requirements for the American Red Cross Standard First Aid and Personal Safety. (2)
HEED 360 : Professional Practicum
Students work under the supervision of a coach, teacher, recreation supervisor, or health care provider. Prerequisite: Departmental approval. (1 or 2)
HEED 366 : Health Psychology
This course examines how human physiology and psychology interact and influence personal health choices and behavior change. Topics surveyed include behavior change models; nicotine, alcohol and drug use and abuse; stress and stress management; psychological factors in the prevention, development and treatment of chronic disease; death and dying. (4)
HEED 387 : Special Topics in Health Education
Provides the opportunity for the exploration of current and relevant issues in the areas of health education and wellness studies. (1-4)
HEED 388 : Special Topics in Health Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
HEED 389 : Special Topics in Health Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
HEED 395 : Comprehensive School Health
This course explores the integrated nature of comprehensive school health programs. Students will use their health knowledge and resources to effectively communicate essential health content with an emphasis placed on environmental health, intentional and unintentional injury prevention, consumer health and sexuality education. The course addresses program planning, implementation and evaluation based on the needs of the learner. Prerequisites: PHED 279, HEED 266 and HEED 366. (4)
HEED 425 : Health Promotion/Wellness Intervention Strategies
Examination of strategies for improving the state of wellness through healthier lifestyles. (2)
HEED 487 : Special Topics in Health Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
HEED 488 : Special Topics in Health Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
HEED 489 : Special Topics in Health Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
HEED 491 : Independent Study
To provide individual undergraduate students with advanced study not available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as IS: followed by the specific title designated by the student. Prerequisite: Consent of the dean. (1 to 4)
HEED 495 : Internship
Pre-professional experiences closely related to student's career and academic interests. Prerequisites: Declaration of major, sophomore status, and 10 hours in the major. (2 to 8)
Physical Education (PHED) Activity Undergraduate-Level Courses
PHED 100 : Personalized Fitness Program - PE
To stimulate student interest in functional personally designed programs of physical activity; assessment of physical condition and skills; recommendation of specific programs for maintaining and improving physical health. Should be taken as a first-year student. (1)
PHED 150 : Adaptive Physical Activity - PE
An individualized physical activity course designed to meet the needs of students with diagnosed disabilities or long-term injury who, because of their medical condition, are unable to be accommodated through regular activity courses offered in the department. (1)
PHED 151 : Beginning Golf - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in beginning golf. (1)
PHED 155 : Bowling - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in bowling. (1)
PHED 162 : Beginning Tennis - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in tennis. (1)
PHED 163 : Beginning Badminton - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in badminton. (1)
PHED 164 : Pickleball - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in pickleball. (1)
PHED 165 : Racquetball/Squash - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in racquetball/squash. (1)
PHED 170 : Skiing - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in skiing. (1)
PHED 173 : Mountaineering - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in mountaineering. (1)
PHED 175 : Snowboarding - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in snowboarding. (1)
PHED 177 : Weight Training - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in weight training. (1)
PHED 182 : Low Impact Aerobics - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in low impact aerobics. (1)
PHED 183 : Power Aerobics - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in power aerobics. (1)
PHED 186 : Step Aerobics - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in step aerobics. (1)
PHED 188 : Boot Camp Conditioning - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in boot camp conditioning. (1)
PHED 190 : Inquiry Seminar - F
A four-credit seminar to introduce students to the methods and topics of study within a particular academic discipline or field. Students practice the academic skills that are at the center of the General Education Program. (4)
PHED 192 : Intermediate Tennis PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in intermediate tennis. (1)
PHED 197 : Advanced Weight Training - PE
Individual and Dual Activities Course in advanced weight training. (1)
PHED 200 : Individual Swim Instruction - PE
Aquatics course in individual swim instruction. (1)
PHED 201 : Swimming for Non-Swimmers - PE
Aquatics course in swimming for non-swimmers. (1)
PHED 205 : Skin & Scuba Diving - PE
Aquatics course in skin and scuba diving. (1)
PHED 207 : Basic Sailing - PE
Aquatics course in basic sailing. (1)
PHED 212 : Conditioning Swimming - PE
Aquatics course in conditioning swimming. (1)
PHED 216 : Lifeguard Training - PE
Aquatics course in lifeguard training. (1)
PHED 222 : Jazz Dance Level I - PE
Rhythms course in jazz dance level I. (1)
PHED 223 : Yoga - PE
Rhythms course in yoga. (1)
PHED 224 : Salsa and Swing Dance - PE
Rhythms course in salsa and swing dance. (1)
PHED 225 : Ballroom Dance - PE
Rhythms course in ballroom dance. (1)
PHED 234 : Relaxation Techniques - PE
Rhythms course in relaxation techniques. (1)
PHED 240 : Dance Ensemble - PE
Rhythms course in dance ensemble. (1)
PHED 241 : Co-Ed Basketball - PE
Team Activities course in co-ed basketball. (1)
PHED 244 : Co-Ed Volleyball - PE
Team activities course in co-ed volleyball. (1)
PHED 248 : World Games and Sports - PE
Team Activities course in world games and sports. (1)
PHED 250 : Directed Sports - PE
Team Activities course in directed sports. (1)
PHED 275 : Water Safety Instruction - PE
The American Red Cross Water Safety Instructor's course. Prerequisite: Swim test required. Fulfills one semester hour towards PE GenEd element. (2)
PHED 276 : Special Topics in Physical Activity - PE
Selected activities as announced by the department. Provides opportunities for activities not otherwise part of the regular activity course offerings. (1)
PHED 277 : Foundations of Physical Education
The relationship of physical education to education; the biological, sociological, psychological, and mechanical principles underlying physical education and athletics. Should be the initial professional course taken in the School of Physical Education. (2)
PHED 279 : Teaching Physical Activity
Generic teaching and management strategies, design of instructional materials and techniques for implementing them, and strategies for working with diverse learners in physical activity settings. This course is a prerequisite for all teaching methods courses and should be taken prior to or in conjunction with the Education Hub. (2)
PHED 287 : Special Topics in Physical Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
PHED 288 : Special Topics in Physical Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
PHED 289 : Special Topics in Physical Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
PHED 291 : Directed Study
To provide individual undergraduate students with introductory study not available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as DS: followed by the specific title designated by the student. (1 to 4)
PHED 293 : Teaching Methods: Fitness Activities
Overview, application and evaluation of fitness activities, such as: aerobics (water, high- and low-impact, step, slide), weight training, calisthenics circuits, continuous interval training. Prerequisite: PHED 279. (2)
PHED 294 : Teaching Methods: Invasion Games
Games in which a team tries to invade the other team's side or territory by putting an implement into a goal. Activities will include: basketball, soccer, lacrosse, hockey, and football. Prerequisite: PHED 279. (2)
PHED 296 : Teaching Methods: Recreation Activities
Learning to plan and implement a variety of recreational activities, including outdoor education. Prerequisite: PHED 279. (2)
PHED 297 : Teaching Methods: Net Games
Players attempt to send an object into the playing area on the other side of a net or barrier. Activities include volleyball, tennis, badminton, pickleball, and racquetball. Prerequisite: PHED 279. (2)
PHED 298 : Teaching Methods: Target and Fielding Games
Participants strike, hit, kick, or throw at targets or objects. Activities include golf, bowling, archery, softball, kickball, and track and field. Prerequisite: PHED 279. (2)
PHED 314 : Team Building for High Performance Teams
Activities designed to facilitate the development of team camaraderie and effectiveness. Creative, fun, challenging, and applied team building activities, combined with traditional training tools to help create learning experiences for students to actively enhance team cohesion and group productivity. (4)
PHED 315 : Body Image - A
Topics include: the connection between women and food, cultural definitions of beauty, eating disorders, nutrition, and biosocial factors affecting weight. (4)
PHED 319 : Tramping the Tracks of New Zealand - PE
Backpacking several of New Zealand's world renowned tracks and hiking up ancient volcano craters, to glacial mountain lakes, and along sandy ocean beaches. Fulfills one semester hour towards PE GenEd element. (4)
PHED 322 : Physical Education in the Elementary School
Organization and administration of a developmental program for grades K-6; sequential and progressive programming; large repertoire of activities. Observation and/or practicum in public schools required. (2 or 4)
PHED 324 : Physical Activity and Lifespan
The emphasis in this course will be on the role that physical activity plays in successful aging. An understanding of the influence of social learning on physical activity behavior through the lifespan and effective strategies for health promotion and activity programming with adult populations will be addressed. (4)
PHED 326 : Adapted Physical Activity
Emphasizes the theory and practice of adaptation in teaching strategies, curriculum, and service delivery for all persons with psychomotor problems, not just those labeled "disabled." (4)
PHED 330 : Programming and Leadership in Sport and Recreation
Examines the principles, procedures, techniques, and strategies essential to successfully program and lead experiences for diverse populations in sport, fitness, recreation and leisure service organizations. (4)
PHED 334 : Applied Training and Conditioning
This course presents physiological and kinesiological applications to physical training and addresses fundamental training principles as they relate to physical fitness in the areas of cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility and body composition. Focus is on training for safe and effective physical performance for both genders of all ages and activity interests. (2)
PHED 360 : Professional Practicum
Students work under the supervision of a coach, teacher, recreation supervisor, or health care provider. Prerequisite: Departmental approval. (1 or 2)
PHED 361 : Coaching Practicum
Students work under the supervision of a coach. Prerequisite: Departmental approval. (1 or 2)
PHED 362 : Healing Arts of the Mind and Body - A, PE
Designed to introduce alternative therapies of mind-body processes. History, roots, practice, and cultural significances of several therapies and practices. Fulfills one semester hour towards PE GenEd. Cross-listed with DANC 362. (4)
PHED 383 : Exercise Testing and Prescription
Provides students involved in the promotion of physical activity with the basic knowledge necessary to safely conduct exercise, health and fitness assessments in a variety of community settings. Topics will include: history of assessment and its role in physical activity promotion; purpose and methods for pre-evaluation and screening; assessment and evaluation techniques; prescriptive program development for health and fitness; bio-psycho-social implications of assessment and evaluation. (3)
PHED 384 : Foundations of Health and Fitness Promotion
Provides students involved in the promotion of physical activity with the basic knowledge necessary to understand how health and fitness are managed in a variety of community settings. Topics will include: historical and philosophical basis of community-based health and fitness management; organizational assessment and evaluation issues; strategies for behavioral change; strategies for program development, implementation and marketing; specific examples of different community-based health and fitness management programs. (4)
PHED 386 : Social Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity
Questions of how social psychological variables influence motor behavior and how physical activity affects the psychological makeup of an individual will be explored. (4)
PHED 387 : Special Topics in Physical Education
Provides the opportunity for the exploration of current and relevant issues in the areas of physical education and exercise science. (1 to 4)
PHED 388 : Special Topics in Physical Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
PHED 389 : Special Topics in Physical Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
PHED 390 : Applied Exercise and Sports Psychology
A practical, individually-oriented course designed to teach athletes, trainers, coaches, and teachers a comprehensive variety of skills and techniques aimed at enhancing sport performance. Psychological topics include: managing anxiety, imagery, goal setting, self-confidence, attention control, injury interventions, self-talk strategies, and team building. (4)
PHED 411 : Coaching Effectiveness
Presents foundational knowledge essential for coaching effectiveness and success in any sport at a youth, club, or school level. This course integrates sport science research with emphasis on practical applications. Organization of this course will be based on topics such as: coaching philosophy and ethics, communication and motivation, principles of teaching sport skills and tactics, evaluation, and team administration, organization, and management including liability prevention. The course is designed to meet or exceed NCACE, NASPE, PCA, and ASEP standards. (4)
PHED 462 : Dance Production
An advanced choreography course combining choreography, costume design, staging, and publicity techniques for producing a major dance concert. (2)
PHED 478 : Motor Learning and Human Performance
Provides basic theories, research, and practical implications for motor learning, motor control, and variables affecting skill acquisition. (4)
PHED 480 : Exercise Physiology
Scientific basis for training and physiological effect of exercise on the human body. Lab required. Prerequisite: BIOL 205, 206. (4)
PHED 486 : Applied Biomechanics and Kinesiology
Opportunity to increase knowledge and understanding about the human body and how the basic laws of mechanics are integrated in efficient motor performance. (4)
PHED 487 : Special Topics in Physical Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
PHED 488 : Special Topics in Physical Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
PHED 489 : Special Topics in Physical Education
To provide undergraduate students with new, one-time, and developing courses not yet available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as ST: followed by the specific title designated by the academic unit. (1 to 4)
PHED 490 : Curriculum, Assessment and Instruction
An integrated and instructionally aligned approach to curriculum design, assessment, development and implementing instructional strategies consistent with Washington Essential Academic Learning Requirements. Intended as the final course prior to a culminating internship, a practicum in the school setting is required in conjunction with this four-semester hour course. (4)
PHED 491 : Independent Study
To provide individual undergraduate students with advanced study not available in the regular curriculum. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as IS: followed by the specific title designated by the student. Prerequisite: Consent of the dean. (1 to 4)
PHED 495 : Internship - SR
Pre-professional experiences closely related to student's career and academic interests. Prerequisites: Declaration of major, junior status, ten hours in the major and department permission. (2 to 8)
PHED 499 : Capstone: Senior Seminar - SR
To enable senior students in an academic unit to share their work and receive group criticism. The title will be listed on the student term-based record as Capstone and may be followed by a specific title designated by the academic unit. Prerequisites: Declaration of major, junior status, ten hours in the major, and department permission. (2 to 4)